[6] The EIJ officially merged into AQ in 1998 and its members became an integral part of many of AQs operations, including its 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in New York. 122; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Islam Jihad is one of several groups taking responsibility. Note: Documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, Privacy Policy |
The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Regardless, even after 1998, EIJ members continued to play important roles in Al Qaedas operations. [2] Sageman, Marc. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. On his computer, Egyptian authorities found a list with the names and addresses of all EIJ members. 
(no casualties)[4], November 1995: The EIJ claimed responsibility for assassinating an Egyptian diplomat in Geneva. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. Web. Last modified October 2015. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/egyptian-islamic-jihad, Ideology, Aims, Political Activities, Targets, and Tactics. Web. Web. Web. The Looming Tower. October 6, 1981: An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. [9] Not all of IJ's claims of responsibility were credible, as "in some cases, the callers seemed to be exploiting the activities of groups that had no apparent ties to Islamic Jihad," while working with some success to create "an aura of a single omnipotent force in the region."[10]. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. 10 Oct. 2015. [4] Wright, Lawrence. Alternate titles: Islamic Jihad, al-Jihad. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. Web. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 1182 (a)(3)(B)(i)(IV)-(V), 1227 (a)(1)(A)). Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[22] and journalist Lawrence Wright[23] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. [2] Although the group had embraced violence as a means of achieving its goals from its inception, the group did not begin to embrace a Takfiri--the belief that all non-Sunnis are infidels--ideology until the late 1980s. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped Web. As the EIJs funding sources within Egypt began to dry up in the early 1990s, Zawahiri was forced to rely more heavily on bin Laden for money. The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. In 1998, the EIJ faced two major setbacks which significantly undermined its capacity. The EIJ and al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GIA), the other main militant Islamist organization operating in Egypt in the 1980s and 1990s, had a mostly cooperative relationship. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. [1] It is, however, clear that the EIJ received large amounts of support from the Sudanese government. Web. [13] Jeffrey Goldberg says, Using various names, including the Islamic Jihad Organization and the Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Hezbollah remained underground until 1985, when it published a manifesto condemning the West, and proclaiming, ". Allah is behind us supporting and protecting us while instilling fear in the hearts of our enemies. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 20 August 2015. [24] 18 April 1983. Islamic Jihad has carried out scores of deadly attacks over the years and Israel and other countries consider it a terrorist organization. 20 August 2015. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. Islamic Jihad released a photograph that claimed to show the (dead) body of French citizen. Anger over France's providing of arms to Iran's enemy, 25 May 1985. [2] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. This fiasco, coupled by the pressure resulting from tighter security measures and joint anti-militia sweeps implemented by the Syrian Army, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the Amal Movement at the Shia quarters of West Beirut in 198788, brought a steady decline in the organization's activities in Lebanon for the rest of the civil war. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when a temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats ended up in the assassination of one hostage, an affair promptly regulated by the KGB using methods of intimidation. 129. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Until recently the INA provided that FTOs must be redesignated every 2 years or the designation would lapse. [2] Orr, Tamra. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Since The project develops a series of interactive diagrams that map relationships among groups and show how those relationships change over time. Their subsequent execution infuriated the Sudanese government and led it to finally expel the EIJ from Sudan in 1996. [13] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Sidki escaped uninjured. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi in February that year. Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Web. 20 August 2015., Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. [1] As the introductory phrase signifies, the entirety of the text of the Complaints and the description of the Complaints set forth below constitute only allegations, and every fact described should be treated as an allegation. 20 August 2015. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. A crackdown followed that saw most of the organizations leaders imprisoned. Web. New York, NY: Vintage Books. February 1, 2023 IMU has made public claims in support of ISIL, potentially fracturing their longstanding ties with the Afghan Taliban. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. However, he was eventually forced to turn back to bin Laden. The following is an abbreviated list of attacks that have been claimed by the PIJ the over the years: Backgrounder 122; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. 26 Aug. 2014. [15] In the same way, Hezbollah had used the name "Islamic Resistance" (al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya) in its attacks against Israel. New York, NY: Vintage Books. According to the U.S. State Department, Iran funds most of the PIJ budget. (1 killed, unknown wounded)[5], November 19, 1995: The EIJ bombed the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad using a truck-born bomb, killing 17 and wounding over 60 people in the vicinity. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Shaqaqi moved across the Middle East, going where exile took him, before finally settling in Damascus under Syrian protection. [6] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. The EIJ appears to have broken ties with Zumar by at least 1991, if not before, at which time Zawahiri took formal control of the organization. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. Yes. As a result of this reliance, Zawahiri was forced to re-orient the EIJ towards AQs more global vision of Jihad against the West. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. As a result of this reliance and his close relationship with bin Laden, Zawahiri shifted the EIJs ideology and goals away from overthrowing the Egyptian government and more towards Al Qaedas global vision of Jihad.[3]. At the direction of his Hizballah handlers, El Debek allegedly conducted missions in Panama to locate the U.S. and Israeli Embassies and to assess the vulnerabilities of the Panama Canal and ships in the Canal. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. 10 Oct. 2015. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. Sageman, Marc. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. 2339A(b)(1) as any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials. 18 U.S.C. The PIJ, unlike other Palestinian separatist groups, refuses to negotiate or engage in the diplomatic process. Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist organizations. Web. Although there is some evidence that the two groups were often at odds with one another during the early 1990s, GI and the EIJ cooperated with one another in an unsuccessful 1995 assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Ethiopia. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is an Islamic, Palestinian nationalist organization that violently opposes the existence of Israel. Web. Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance by Hala Jaber, p.113. Al-Shabaab remains capable of carrying out massive attacks in Somalia and nearby countries despite a long-running African Union offensive against the Islamist terrorist group. Its stated goal is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow. Between November 2014 and February 2017, el Debek, who received religious training from Hizballah, has conducted more than 250 Facebook searches using search terms such as martyrs of the holy defense, martyrs of Islamic resistance, Hizballah martyrs, and martyrs of the Islamic resistance in Lebanon., * * *. by Ebenezer Obadare The EIJ was a radical Salafi Islamist organization. Web. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Associated Press. He was arrested following the Egyptian governments capture Ahmad Salama Mabruk, on whose computer the government found a list of all EIJ members and their addresses. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. 2006. [7] Following bin Ladens death in 2011, Zawahiri succeeded him as the head of Al-Qaeda. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. With this organizational shift, al-Qaeda was linkedwhether directly or indirectlyto more attacks in the six years following September 11 than it had been in the six years prior, including attacks in Jordan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Israel, Algeria, and elsewhere. 26 Aug. 2014; Wright, Lawrence. Lebanese journalist Hala Jaber compared it to "a phony company which rents office space for a month and then vanishes," existing "only when it was committing an atrocity against its targets "[7], Adam Shatz of The Nation magazine has described Islamic Jihad as "a precursor to Hezbollah, which did not yet officially exist" at the time of the bombings Islamic Jihad took credit for. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. That year also saw a series of publications by Sayyid Imam al-Sharif renouncing terrorism as un-Islamic. Kourani was subsequently recruited to join the IJO by 2008. The PIJ is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks on Israeli targets. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) are foreign organizations that are designated by the Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. The United States also accuses Syria of providing a safe haven for the group, and allowing PIJ headquarters to remain in Damascus. 
An August 1987 shooting killed the commander of the Israeli military police in the Gaza Strip; A December 1993 shooting killed Israeli reservist David Mashrati aboard a bus; An April 1994 car bomb killed nine people and injured fifty aboard a public bus; A January 1995 a suicide bomb killed eighteen soldiers and one civilian near Netanya; A March 1996 suicide bomb at a Tel Aviv shopping mall killed thirteen and injured seventy five more; A June 2001 suicide bomb killed twenty-one people in a Tel Aviv nightclub; A June 2002 suicide attack at the Meggido Junction killed eighteen and injured fifty; An October 2003 suicide bomb at a Haifa restaurant killed twenty-two and injured sixty; An October 2005 bomb at a Hadera market killed five people; An April 2006 suicide attack in Tel Aviv killed eleven; A January 2007 suicide attack at an Eliat bakery killed three. There are no recorded political activities for this group. If no such review has been conducted during a 5 year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. 30 Sept. 2015. Meanwhile, some observers expressed concern that U.S. strategycentred primarily on attempts to overwhelm al-Qaeda militarilywas ineffectual, and at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, al-Qaeda was thought to have reached its greatest strength since the attacks of September 2001. The Immigration and Nationality Act sets out three possible basis for revoking a Foreign Terrorist Organization designation: Any revocation shall take effect on the date specified in the revocation or upon publication in the Federal Register if no effective date is specified. 3 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. The group, now led by Abu Usman Gimrinskiy, also known as Magomed Suleymanov, regularly conducts attacks against Russian security forces in the North Caucasus. Kourani is charged with providing and attempting to provide material support to a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; conspiracy to provide material support and resources to a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; receiving military-type training from a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a sentence of 10 years in prison or a fine; conspiracy to receive military-type training from a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison; conspiracy to possess, carry, and use firearms and destructive devices during and in relation to crimes of violence, which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison; making and receiving a contribution of funds, goods, and services to and from Hizballah, in violation of IEEPA, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; conspiracy to make and receive a contribution of funds, goods, and services to and from Hizballah, in violation of IEEPA, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; and naturalization fraud in connection with an act of international terrorism, which carries a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison. 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(no casualties)[4], November 1995: The EIJ claimed responsibility for assassinating an Egyptian diplomat in Geneva. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Rather than significantly weakening al-Qaeda, however, these realities prompted a structural evolution and the growth of franchising. Increasingly, attacks were orchestrated not only from above by the centralized leadership (after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, based in the Afghan-Pakistani border regions) but also by the localized, relatively autonomous cells it encouraged. Web. Last modified October 2015. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/egyptian-islamic-jihad, Ideology, Aims, Political Activities, Targets, and Tactics. Web. Web. Web. The Looming Tower. October 6, 1981: An EIJ member, Khaled al-Islambouli, opened fire on Sadats box while he reviewed a military parade in Cairo, killing the president and 11 others. [9] Not all of IJ's claims of responsibility were credible, as "in some cases, the callers seemed to be exploiting the activities of groups that had no apparent ties to Islamic Jihad," while working with some success to create "an aura of a single omnipotent force in the region."[10]. [11] At this time the EIJ is thought to have been at least operationally led by Sharif, although it also retained nominal ties to al-Zumar, who remained imprisoned in Egypt. 10 Oct. 2015. [4] Wright, Lawrence. Alternate titles: Islamic Jihad, al-Jihad. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. Web. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 1182 (a)(3)(B)(i)(IV)-(V), 1227 (a)(1)(A)). Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shiite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[22] and journalist Lawrence Wright[23] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. [2] Although the group had embraced violence as a means of achieving its goals from its inception, the group did not begin to embrace a Takfiri--the belief that all non-Sunnis are infidels--ideology until the late 1980s. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped Web. As the EIJs funding sources within Egypt began to dry up in the early 1990s, Zawahiri was forced to rely more heavily on bin Laden for money. The founders of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Fathi Shaqaqi and Abd al-Aziz Awda, were students in Egypt and members of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1970s when they decided that the brotherhood was becoming too moderate and insufficiently committed to the Palestinian cause. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. In 1998, the EIJ faced two major setbacks which significantly undermined its capacity. The EIJ and al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya (GI/GIA), the other main militant Islamist organization operating in Egypt in the 1980s and 1990s, had a mostly cooperative relationship. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. [1] It is, however, clear that the EIJ received large amounts of support from the Sudanese government. Web. [13] Jeffrey Goldberg says, Using various names, including the Islamic Jihad Organization and the Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, Hezbollah remained underground until 1985, when it published a manifesto condemning the West, and proclaiming, ". Allah is behind us supporting and protecting us while instilling fear in the hearts of our enemies. 1 Oct. 2015; Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. 20 August 2015. [24] 18 April 1983. Islamic Jihad has carried out scores of deadly attacks over the years and Israel and other countries consider it a terrorist organization. 20 August 2015. El Debek has told the FBI that he was detained by Hizballah from December 2015 to April 2016 and falsely accused of spying for the U.S. Islamic Jihad released a photograph that claimed to show the (dead) body of French citizen. Anger over France's providing of arms to Iran's enemy, 25 May 1985. [2] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. This fiasco, coupled by the pressure resulting from tighter security measures and joint anti-militia sweeps implemented by the Syrian Army, the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) and the Amal Movement at the Shia quarters of West Beirut in 198788, brought a steady decline in the organization's activities in Lebanon for the rest of the civil war. The IJO suffered a setback in 1986 when a temporary abduction of four Soviet diplomats ended up in the assassination of one hostage, an affair promptly regulated by the KGB using methods of intimidation. 129. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. Until recently the INA provided that FTOs must be redesignated every 2 years or the designation would lapse. [2] Orr, Tamra. 30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. Since The project develops a series of interactive diagrams that map relationships among groups and show how those relationships change over time. Their subsequent execution infuriated the Sudanese government and led it to finally expel the EIJ from Sudan in 1996. [13] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Sidki escaped uninjured. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi in February that year. Annual Lecture on China: Frayed RelationsThe United States and China, Virtual Event Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. Web. 20 August 2015., Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. [1] As the introductory phrase signifies, the entirety of the text of the Complaints and the description of the Complaints set forth below constitute only allegations, and every fact described should be treated as an allegation. 20 August 2015. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. BBC News, Investigating Terror Organizations, Date unknown. A crackdown followed that saw most of the organizations leaders imprisoned. Web. New York, NY: Vintage Books. February 1, 2023 IMU has made public claims in support of ISIL, potentially fracturing their longstanding ties with the Afghan Taliban. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. However, he was eventually forced to turn back to bin Laden. The following is an abbreviated list of attacks that have been claimed by the PIJ the over the years: Backgrounder 122; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. 26 Aug. 2014. [15] In the same way, Hezbollah had used the name "Islamic Resistance" (al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya) in its attacks against Israel. New York, NY: Vintage Books. According to the U.S. State Department, Iran funds most of the PIJ budget. (1 killed, unknown wounded)[5], November 19, 1995: The EIJ bombed the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad using a truck-born bomb, killing 17 and wounding over 60 people in the vicinity. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Shaqaqi moved across the Middle East, going where exile took him, before finally settling in Damascus under Syrian protection. [6] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. The EIJ appears to have broken ties with Zumar by at least 1991, if not before, at which time Zawahiri took formal control of the organization. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. Yes. As a result of this reliance, Zawahiri was forced to re-orient the EIJ towards AQs more global vision of Jihad against the West. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. As a result of this reliance and his close relationship with bin Laden, Zawahiri shifted the EIJs ideology and goals away from overthrowing the Egyptian government and more towards Al Qaedas global vision of Jihad.[3]. At the direction of his Hizballah handlers, El Debek allegedly conducted missions in Panama to locate the U.S. and Israeli Embassies and to assess the vulnerabilities of the Panama Canal and ships in the Canal. Among those extradited was Aymenn al-Zawahiris brother Mohammed, who was believed to have been one of the groups top military commanders. 10 Oct. 2015. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. Sageman, Marc. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. 2339A(b)(1) as any property, tangible or intangible, or service, including currency or monetary instruments or financial securities, financial services, lodging, training, expert advice or assistance, safehouses, false documentation or identification, communications equipment, facilities, weapons, lethal substances, explosives, personnel (1 or more individuals who maybe or include oneself), and transportation, except medicine or religious materials. 18 U.S.C. The PIJ, unlike other Palestinian separatist groups, refuses to negotiate or engage in the diplomatic process. Heightens public awareness and knowledge of terrorist organizations. Web. Although there is some evidence that the two groups were often at odds with one another during the early 1990s, GI and the EIJ cooperated with one another in an unsuccessful 1995 assassination attempt on Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Ethiopia. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is an Islamic, Palestinian nationalist organization that violently opposes the existence of Israel. Web. Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance by Hala Jaber, p.113. Al-Shabaab remains capable of carrying out massive attacks in Somalia and nearby countries despite a long-running African Union offensive against the Islamist terrorist group. Its stated goal is the liberation of what it considers to be Muslim lands from Moscow. Between November 2014 and February 2017, el Debek, who received religious training from Hizballah, has conducted more than 250 Facebook searches using search terms such as martyrs of the holy defense, martyrs of Islamic resistance, Hizballah martyrs, and martyrs of the Islamic resistance in Lebanon., * * *. by Ebenezer Obadare The EIJ was a radical Salafi Islamist organization. Web. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. Associated Press. He was arrested following the Egyptian governments capture Ahmad Salama Mabruk, on whose computer the government found a list of all EIJ members and their addresses. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. 2006. [7] Following bin Ladens death in 2011, Zawahiri succeeded him as the head of Al-Qaeda. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. With this organizational shift, al-Qaeda was linkedwhether directly or indirectlyto more attacks in the six years following September 11 than it had been in the six years prior, including attacks in Jordan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Israel, Algeria, and elsewhere. 26 Aug. 2014; Wright, Lawrence. Lebanese journalist Hala Jaber compared it to "a phony company which rents office space for a month and then vanishes," existing "only when it was committing an atrocity against its targets "[7], Adam Shatz of The Nation magazine has described Islamic Jihad as "a precursor to Hezbollah, which did not yet officially exist" at the time of the bombings Islamic Jihad took credit for. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. That year also saw a series of publications by Sayyid Imam al-Sharif renouncing terrorism as un-Islamic. Kourani was subsequently recruited to join the IJO by 2008. The PIJ is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks on Israeli targets. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) are foreign organizations that are designated by the Secretary of State in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended. The United States also accuses Syria of providing a safe haven for the group, and allowing PIJ headquarters to remain in Damascus. An August 1987 shooting killed the commander of the Israeli military police in the Gaza Strip; A December 1993 shooting killed Israeli reservist David Mashrati aboard a bus; An April 1994 car bomb killed nine people and injured fifty aboard a public bus; A January 1995 a suicide bomb killed eighteen soldiers and one civilian near Netanya; A March 1996 suicide bomb at a Tel Aviv shopping mall killed thirteen and injured seventy five more; A June 2001 suicide bomb killed twenty-one people in a Tel Aviv nightclub; A June 2002 suicide attack at the Meggido Junction killed eighteen and injured fifty; An October 2003 suicide bomb at a Haifa restaurant killed twenty-two and injured sixty; An October 2005 bomb at a Hadera market killed five people; An April 2006 suicide attack in Tel Aviv killed eleven; A January 2007 suicide attack at an Eliat bakery killed three. There are no recorded political activities for this group. If no such review has been conducted during a 5 year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. 30 Sept. 2015. Meanwhile, some observers expressed concern that U.S. strategycentred primarily on attempts to overwhelm al-Qaeda militarilywas ineffectual, and at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, al-Qaeda was thought to have reached its greatest strength since the attacks of September 2001. The Immigration and Nationality Act sets out three possible basis for revoking a Foreign Terrorist Organization designation: Any revocation shall take effect on the date specified in the revocation or upon publication in the Federal Register if no effective date is specified. 3 Oct. 2015; Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. Web. The group, now led by Abu Usman Gimrinskiy, also known as Magomed Suleymanov, regularly conducts attacks against Russian security forces in the North Caucasus. Kourani is charged with providing and attempting to provide material support to a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; conspiracy to provide material support and resources to a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; receiving military-type training from a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a sentence of 10 years in prison or a fine; conspiracy to receive military-type training from a designated foreign terrorist organization, which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison; conspiracy to possess, carry, and use firearms and destructive devices during and in relation to crimes of violence, which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison; making and receiving a contribution of funds, goods, and services to and from Hizballah, in violation of IEEPA, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; conspiracy to make and receive a contribution of funds, goods, and services to and from Hizballah, in violation of IEEPA, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison; and naturalization fraud in connection with an act of international terrorism, which carries a maximum sentence of 25 years in prison. 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